Hypervisor Types
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Course
Difficulty
Intermediate
Video Transcription
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>> Hey, Cybrarians.
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Welcome back to the Linux+ course here at Cybrary.
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I'm your instructor, Rob Goelz,
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and in today's lesson,
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we're going to be discussing Hypervisor Types.
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Upon completion of today's lesson,
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you're going to be able to differentiate between Type 1,
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Type 2, and embedded hypervisors.
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We're going to talk about the concept of chroots and
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we'll also talk about different container types.
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Hypervisor types, for the purposes of Linux+ exam,
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we need to know about three
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different types of hypervisors.
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The first one is a Type 1,
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sometimes known as a bare-metal hypervisor,
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and it is so known because this type of
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hypervisor is installed directly on the physical system.
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It has full access to the underlying system hardware,
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and a good example of this is
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the VMware ESXi hypervisor;
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that's a type of Type 1 hypervisor.
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Now a Type 2 hypervisor is just an application of
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virtualization application that gets
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installed on top of a host operating system.
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Windows running VirtualBox is
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an example of this or running VirtualBox
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on macOS is a great example of Type 2 hypervisor.
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Early editions of Microsoft Hyper-V
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worked this way around 2008,
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last time that I played with them.
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Then there's another type of
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hypervisor known as an embedded hypervisor,
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and this is used in embedded Linux systems and
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can contain something called a real-time OS or RTOS.
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You'll see this a lot in self-driving cars or automation.
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An embedded hypervisor is
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programmed into the processor; it lives on-chip.
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Chroots or a root jail is something that is used to allow
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an administrator to make
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applications think that they actually have root access.
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In reality, what happens is that
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that application only has access to
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certain components and portions of
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the root filesystem that
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you'd want them to have access to.
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The root access provided to
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the application is actually a virtual root filesystem,
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and well, why would you do this?
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This sounds like a lot of work.
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Well, mostly for security.
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We don't want this application
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to have access to everything.
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We want to limit the root access for this application.
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We also want to separate applications.
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We want to make sure that we
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have an application running on one chroot,
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doesn't touch the data and contents of
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the filesystems running in
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another chroot or running in the main filesystem.
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Now we're going to talk about
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containers again a little bit.
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To reiterate, containers are
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environments that are made up of files,
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and they contain libraries and configurations that
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are required to run an application.
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Containers are just virtualized applications,
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rather than virtualizing entire operating system,
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you just virtualize an application.
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There are two main types of
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containers that are out there today.
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There are LXC containers,
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Linux containers, and Docker.
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LXC is an older container package and it
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has basically a stripped-down operating system,
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and Docker packages are just
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wrapping applications and dependencies
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together into what's called a container
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image or Docker image by comparison.
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In this lesson, we covered the three types of
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hypervisors: Type 1 like ESXi,
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Type 2 like VirtualBox running on a Windows machine,
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and the third type, embedded hypervisors,
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that are used in self-driving cars and automation.
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We also talked about the concepts
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about chroot or root jail,
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and then finally,
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>> we touched on container package types.
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>> Thanks so much for being here and I look forward to
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seeing you in our next lesson.
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