Dependency Issues Part 2
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Video Transcription
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>> Hey, there cybrarians and welcome back to
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the Linux plus course here at Cybrary,
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I'm your instructor Rob Goelz.
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In today's lesson, we'll be taking on
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>> Part 2 in this two-part series on dependency issues.
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>> Upon completion of today's lesson,
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you are going to be able to identify dependency issues
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>> that are related to versioning,
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>> libraries, GCC compatibility,
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>> and/or environment variables.
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>> We're going to see how we can locate files
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>> and run commands to troubleshoot dependency issues.
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>> Another consideration when we're looking at
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these dependency issues is the version
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of software that's included in a package.
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Now versioning or numbering really is just the way
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that multiple application updates are tracked.
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This version number can determine
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>> if your system has up-to-date packages or patches
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>> or if they require an update.
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To see this information,
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if we're on an RPM-based system,
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we can see that information with
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RPM-q and the package name.
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We saw this in the previous lesson as well.
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>> It's very helpful.
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>> Now systems that use yum can also use yum history info
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>> and they can pass the package name to that as well.
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>> If we're on an APT-based system,
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we can find version information
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>> in var/log/apt/history.log.
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>> Now when we're looking at software versions,
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we also might want to consider
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the involvement of libraries.
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This is because application functions are
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generally split into library files
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>> so that applications using the same function just
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>> share the library files, hence, shared libraries.
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Now if an application starts having issues
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>> after a patch cycle,
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>> it could be related to a shared library
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>> that's used by the application.
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>> You're definitely going to want to check into that
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>> and you can see which libraries are used by
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>> the application with the ldd command.
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You could run ldd and then pass
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the application name to that or better yet,
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you might want to save that information in a file.
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I know for me it's better to have something
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saved in a file so I can refer back to it
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>> rather than having to go back to the system
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>> and run the command just on the fly
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>> and look at the console output.
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>> You can do ldd an application name
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and then use a greater than sign
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or double greater than sign and put it in a file,
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>> for example, app_lib.out.
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>> Then you can refer back to that file
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>> and you capture the information there
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>> for use later to troubleshoot.
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Finally, the GNU Compiler Collection, or GCC,
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>> is the most common tool for compiling Linux.
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>> That being said, users have run into
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some issues compiling with GCC
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>> because it uses the system C library
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>> and that may not be compliant with ISO standards.
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>> That's because GCC uses corrected versions
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of system header files and that causes issues.
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There's also compatibility issues with GNU C
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>> and other non-ISO versions
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>> of the C programming language as well.
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This is just something to keep in mind,
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the GCC compiler is very, very common.
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You will see it a lot,
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>> but you may write compatibility issues.
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>> Be aware that it may not be complied with ISO
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>> and it may not play nice with other children.
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>> It's just a little bit funky that way.
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Of course, as with any package,
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that GCC package should be kept up-to-date.
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Finally, the last cause of dependency issues
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>> we may want to talk about here
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>> is our environment variables.
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>> One thing we've covered previously
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>> is the path variable.
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>> We talked about that in Module 23.
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That path variable defines
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>> which directories are searched
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>> whenever a user tries to run a command in bash,
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>> and maybe bashes and
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doesn't know how to handle that command.
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By default, it goes looking in that path
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variable to figure out where the command is.
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If the application or command
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the user is trying to run is not the path,
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then the application won't run,
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you'll get an error message.
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Now, there's a couple of ways that you could fix this.
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If you wanted to modify the path for every user,
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you can edit: /etc/profile.d.
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But if you want to modify the path
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for an individual user,
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you're going to go into the user home directory.
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Remember that the shortcut for that is Tilda/
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>> that indicates home, then the username.
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>> User home directory.profile
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>> or user home directory.bash_profile
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>> based on whichever distribution you're in,
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is how you can modify that path for an individual user.
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In this lesson, we covered
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>> other types of application dependency issues
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>> that you may need to troubleshoot.
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>> Then we talked about identifying
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issues related to versioning,
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libraries, GCC, and environment variables.
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Then finally, we talked about locating files
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>> and running commands to troubleshoot dependency issues
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>> such as ldd and looking at
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>> /etc/profile.d,-/profile.-/.bash_profile
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>> for fixing path issues.
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Thanks so much for being here
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>> and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson.
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