Transfer Utilities (Demo)
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Video Transcription
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>> Hey, Cybrarians. Welcome back to
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the Linux plus course here at Cybrary.
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I'm your instructor Rob Goelz.
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In today's lesson, we are going to
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be covering transfer utilities.
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Upon completion of this lesson,
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you are going to be able to understand
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the purpose of data transfer utilities,
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and then during our demo today,
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we're going to use the SFTP,
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SCP, and rsync utilities.
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Data transfer utilities are important when we're
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storing data offsite or on another system,
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and it's just another way of performing data backup.
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We can transfer that data to another system or offsite.
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For the Linux plus exam,
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we need to know about three data transfer utilities,
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and those are SFTP, SCP, and rsync.
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There are two of these data transfer utilities
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that are actually provided by Secure Shell,
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and those are SFTP and SCP.
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Now SFTP is a secure version of the FTP protocol.
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As we talked about before,
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so as we know by now, it's going to be on the exam.
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Now, SFTP just uses SSH encryption,
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but otherwise it works the exact same as FTP.
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It uses the get command to download files
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and uses the put command to upload files.
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SCP replaced RCP and it uses
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SSH to create secure transfers,
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copying a file from one system to another.
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For example, if we want to send
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a file locally from our system,
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we say scp,
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and then the name of the local file
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>> or the path to that file,
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>> and then we specify the user on
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the remote host colon and then the target location,
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the path wherever we want to
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>> put that file on that system.
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>> If you want to pull a file down from remote system,
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we do scp user at remote host colon and
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the remote locations of the path to
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where that file is on the remote system,
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and then the local target,
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the local path or location where we
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want to store the file on our system.
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If this is a little unclear,
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don't worry about it, we're going to
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see this later in our demo.
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Now the rsync utility not only allows you to copy,
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but also to sync files and directories,
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rsync, remote sync.
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This is especially helpful when you're copying
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a large number of files
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because if a transfer is interrupted,
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it can be resumed and it will only copy
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needed changes or missing
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files known as a delta transfer or rsync.
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Now, rsync is also really
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powerful because there are a lot
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of options available to you.
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You can use -a for archive mode,
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and that's going to preserve permissions,
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ownership, and modification times of files.
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We can also compress the transfer with the -z option.
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Then finally, I like to use the --dry-run option,
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--dry-run or -n. What that does is it
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tests the data transfer as a trial run
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with not transferring any files,
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and that just allows you to make
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sure that you put the right options in
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place and didn't screw up your syntax when using rsync.
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But let's take a look at all of
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these commands with some demo time.
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>> Here we are back
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>> in our demo environment, and right off the bat,
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>> I'm going to go ahead and open a terminal,
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and we're going to go ahead in SFTP to Ubuntu.
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Here we are in our Ubuntu system,
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it says that we're connected to Ubuntu.
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>> Now if we want to see where we actually are
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>> on the remote system,
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>> we could do pwd.
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Even though we're running pwd,
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we're running that on
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the remote system that we're connected to you.
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When we run this, it'll actually say
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the remote working directory is /home/rob,
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so in my home directory on the Ubuntu machine.
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If we want to see where we are on the local machine,
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we can do l, l for local, pwd, and we see that
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we're in the local working directory,
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/home/rob/Desktop. Now it makes sense.
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I launched this terminal window from
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the desktop and we can see right here
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it says that we're on the desktop,
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so we know that's where we are.
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Now if we want to see the files that
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are on the directory that we landed in,
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in other words, the home
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directory on the Ubuntu machine,
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we can just type ls and hit "Enter".
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We can see a bunch of files here.
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Let's go ahead and pull down the
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>> file called Ubuntu file.
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>> We'll do a get ubuntuFile.
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Now we're going to see a pull down, and like I said,
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our local present working directory run the desktop,
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so now we see this bumpy file on the desktop.
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Now let's go ahead and copy that file,
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so we'll copy ubuntuFile.
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Actually, let's get out of this SFTP,
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so hit "Control B" is how you get out of SFTP.
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I'm going to clear the screen by hitting
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"Control L", and what we'll do
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is we'll copy ubuntuFile and we'll call it new file,
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and now what we'll do is we'll echo
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something into this file,
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I am a new file,
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and will echo that into
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a new file by doing our standard output redirection.
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Now what we can do is we can do
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>> an SFTP back to Ubuntu.
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>> Now if we do an LLS,
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it's going to show us what we have
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locally in our local present working directory,
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which is /home/rob/Desktop,
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and we see that new file we just created.
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Actually, let's do this first.
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We're in the present working directory
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/home/rob on the Ubuntu machine.
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Let's use cd to change to the desktop on that system.
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Now we do present working directory,
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we're in /home/rob/Desktop
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>> on the remote system on Ubuntu.
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>> This is pretty cool. Let's do a put new file,
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and now that's copied over,
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let's go over to Ubuntu real quick and check this out.
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Here we are over in our Ubuntu system
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and we can see that new files on the desktop,
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and if we opened up, it says, "I am a new file."
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Let's go back over here to our CentOS machine,
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and over here, we can first SEP
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our file down from Ubuntu to CentOS.
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Let's get out of SFTP,
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let's clear our screen, and we're going to do
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an scp rob@ubuntu,
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>> and we're going to copy
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>> /home/rob/ubuntuFile,
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>> and we'll copy that into my home directory,
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so we'll do Tilda.
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Now if we go and do an ls -al on Tilda,
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we can see that we have the Ubuntu file here,
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and we can see the date is May 18th.
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If I get a date, we see
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that we just pulled that down because
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that is 00:47 and our date here is 00:47.
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Now let's copy a directory to Ubuntu.
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We can do that by doing scp -r for a recursive copy,
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and we'll say we're going to copy over /home/rob/dir1,
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>> and make sure that directory is there.
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>> Let's make sure we have a dir1 directory.
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Now let's go ahead and create the directory.
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First I apologize, we'll do mkdir /home/rob/dir1,
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and then what we'll do is we'll do an scp -r on
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>> /home/rob/dir1 over to Ubuntu,
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>> and we'll put this in /home/rob on Ubuntu.
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Now if we do an SSH to Ubuntu,
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we're going to land in /home/rob,
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and if we do an ls, we can see dir1 here.
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That's basically all that we needed to know about SCP,
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you can copy things to a remote system by specifying
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the location of the file or directory
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that you want to copy and then
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the remote system that you want to copy to,
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or you can copy things down to
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your system by doing an SEP to that remote system,
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specifying the path to
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the file that you want to get off with
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a remote system and
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the place that you want to copy it to.
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Let's take a look at one last thing,
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and as I said, we were talking about rsync earlier.
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>> Let's take a look at rsync.
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>> Let me go ahead and make this window a little
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bit bigger and clear the screen again.
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We're going to transfer our directory
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from CentOS to Ubuntu.
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Now let's go ahead and do
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an rsync -avz of /home/rob/dir1,
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and we're going to send that to
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>> rob@ubuntu in /home/rob.
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>> We can see that that whole thing is sent over.
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We also see that it says it incremental file list,
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it tells us quite a bit of
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information about we're sending over.
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If we go over to our Ubuntu machine again,
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we SSH back to Ubuntu,
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we can see that that file is there again.
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>> We can see dir1 is right there.
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>> We can also see that it should
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preserve any of the settings on this file.
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If we had no specific permission set,
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it would preserved here as well.
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Let's do this again,
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but let's get a directory on
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the remote system and try sync it back.
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On this remote system,
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let's create a directory,
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we'll call this directory dir2,
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mkdir dir2.
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Now let's go back to CentOS.
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Now what we can do is we can do this backwards.
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We do an rsync -avz,
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and it's going to be rob@ubuntu:/home/rob/dir2.
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We want to copy that to the directory that we're in,
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so you just ./ that,
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that says copy to the directory we're in right now.
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Since we're actually in our
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desktop where we are right now,
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if we look here, now
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we see that there are two directory,
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we have it on the desktop.
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We've reached the end of this lesson,
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and in this lesson, we covered
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the purpose of data transfer utilities,
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and we also talked about how to use SFTP,
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SCP, and rsync utilities.
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Thanks so much for being here,
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>> and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson.
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