Container Server
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Video Transcription
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>> Hey there Cybrarians.
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Welcome back to the Linux Plus course here at Cybrary.
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I'm your instructor Rob Goelz.
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In today's lesson, we're going to be
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discussing containers and container servers.
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Upon completion of this lesson,
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you're going to be able to understand
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why containers had been
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popular and become an important piece
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of system administration with Linux.
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We'll talk a little bit about
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the container benefits and then we're going
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>> to describe how containers operate on top of Linux.
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>> We touched on virtual machines and
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containers back in module five.
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The VM runs within operating system.
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That would be a type-2 hypervisor
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running on top of an OS or distribution.
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Or it could be running on a type-1
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hypervisor where it's really close
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to the metal and it just has
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a small kernel then interacts with.
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But regardless of what you're
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doing when you're talking about a VM,
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it's going to have virtual components
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such as CPU and RAM.
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Now container acts as a self-contained system and it
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doesn't need those dedicated
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virtual components like CPU and RAM.
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Most of the time the container only
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requires necessary application files,
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library files, or other binaries that it
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needs to run the application
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that lives inside a container.
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The only thing containers do require though,
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is a defined network configuration.
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Now this is all well and good,
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you might still be asking why?
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Why are we using containers?
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Containers do have a few major selling points?
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The first thing is that containers
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offer what's called a reproducible environments.
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No matter where you run the container,
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it's going to be the same. You could
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>> develop inside of a container on your laptop or
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>> desktop and then deploy it on a server or the Cloud.
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It's going to run exactly the same.
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If you're supporting developers,
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you're going to likely end up supporting containers
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because they're going to want that reproducibility.
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They're going to want assurances that they
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could do something on their system and
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have it at the exact same in
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production as it did on their laptop.
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Also there has been a major shift
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to using container orchestration.
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When you have container orchestration using something
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like Docker Swarm or Kubernetes,
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containers become more cattle than pets.
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When we have a server or VM, we have a
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>> tendency to correlate and treat it like a pet.
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>> If it has a problem,
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it dies, we mark it failed and troubleshoot it.
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We may have to rebuild the whole thing from scratch.
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With a container and there
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being a reproducible environment,
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we can just start a new one automatically.
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It's cattle, we don't care. We don't name the cattle.
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If it dies off, we get another
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>> one and we're good to go.
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>> Now containers run on top of Linux systems kernel.
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All containers are essentially just processes that
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share the kernel space
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and this is why they're reproducible.
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Kernel space is where
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the kernel interacts with the system hardware.
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That space is generally the
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same no matter what distribution or
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>> OS you're running on.
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>> It can be abstracted and shared.
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The application that's running in
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a container is running in userspace.
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Userspace is where code is
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>> required to run user programs.
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>> This is where the user program code
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lives and the support for that, so the container
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>> is only need the components required for
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>> the userspace programs like the libraries and
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the application packages and
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the binaries that we talked about.
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They could share the underlying kernel consistently
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no matter which system or distribution they're on.
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In this lesson, we covered why containers have become
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important and therefore covered on Linux Plus VM.
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We talked about the benefits of using containers,
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and we also talked about how containers work in Linux.
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Thanks so much for being here and I look
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forward to seeing you in the next lesson.
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