TL;DR
When people talk about cybersecurity, the focus is usually on software—firewalls, antivirus tools, and network monitoring systems. But securing your organization starts long before someone logs in. It starts with controlling who can physically access your space.
That’s where physical access control comes in.
From fences and gates to smart cards and surveillance, physical access control measures help protect sensitive areas, systems, and infrastructure from unauthorized entry. It’s not just about buildings—it’s about protecting the digital assets inside those buildings.
This concept isn’t just a best practice—it’s also a core focus of the CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) certification. Specifically, you’ll encounter physical security within Domain 3: Security Architecture and Engineering, which covers everything from site design to environmental and personnel safety.
In this post, we’ll walk through the most common types of physical access controls, explain how they work, and show you how Cybrary can help you build the skills to apply them effectively—especially if you’re preparing for your CISSP exam.
Why Physical Access Control Still Matters
Even the most advanced cybersecurity program can fall apart if someone can simply walk in and plug a rogue device into your network. Physical access controls are often the first—and most overlooked—line of defense.
That’s why Domain 3 of CISSP includes topics like:
- Site and facility security
- Perimeter defenses
- Access control mechanisms
- Surveillance systems
- Personnel safety and secure facility layout
If you’re working toward your CISSP certification or building out a real-world security program, understanding physical access is a must.
Common Types of Physical Access Control
Fences, Gates, and Lighting
The first layer of physical security is often the most visible: the perimeter.
- Fences come in various forms, from basic barriers to reinforced walls. Their purpose is to deter and delay.
- Gates should match the level of security provided by the fence and use reinforced hinges and locks.
- Lighting adds visibility and acts as a deterrent, especially in low-traffic or after-hours areas.
These are all examples of physical deterrent and preventive controls, concepts you’ll need to understand for CISSP.
Learn more about layered security in Cybrary’s CompTIA Security+ course, which complements CISSP foundational knowledge.
Turnstiles and Mantraps
When tighter control is required, specialized entry systems help regulate who can come and go.
- Turnstiles restrict entry to one person at a time, helping prevent tailgating.
- Mantraps consist of two sets of interlocking doors, allowing entry only after proper identity verification.
These systems demonstrate how physical security can support authentication and identity assurance, another theme in CISSP Domain 3.
Locks, Badges, and Smart Cards
Whether it’s a physical key or a smart card, the goal is to ensure that only authorized personnel can access certain areas.
- Locks and keys remain widely used due to their simplicity and affordability.
- Combination and electronic locks offer more flexibility and control.
- ID badges and smart cards serve as both visual identifiers and electronic access tools.
These mechanisms are part of mechanical and electronic access control—something you’ll absolutely see on the CISSP exam.
Security Guards and Guard Dogs
- Guards offer dynamic response capabilities, particularly useful in unpredictable or high-risk environments.
- Guard dogs act as both a deterrent and detection system, especially in perimeter control.
While effective, these physical access control methods also introduce human and operational risk. CISSP candidates are expected to understand the limitations of physical personnel controls and how to incorporate them into a broader security framework.
Motion Detectors and Alarms
These tools detect unusual activity and trigger responses—from sirens and flashing lights to automated lockdowns or silent alerts to security teams.
They’re also a classic example of detective and corrective controls, terms that show up frequently in CISSP questions and scenarios.
CCTV Systems
CCTV provides real-time and recorded video monitoring of secure areas. While it’s not typically a preventive measure, it supports:
- Incident response
- Evidence collection
- Real-time threat assessment
CCTV ties into surveillance and auditing—both crucial elements of security operations covered in CISSP Domain 3 and Domain 7 (Security Operations).
Explore this further in Cybrary’s Incident Handler courses.
Studying for CISSP?
Physical access control is a core topic in Domain 3: Security Architecture and Engineering of the CISSP certification. You’ll be expected to:
- Understand physical deterrents, delays, and detection mechanisms
- Evaluate layered physical defenses
- Identify risks and limitations of personnel and facility controls
Cybrary’s CISSP course breaks all of this down with expert-led lessons, practice exams, and hands-on tools.
Start Learning CISSP with Cybrary
Applying Physical Access Controls in Real-World Scenarios
Every facility has different areas with different security needs. Whether it’s a public reception area, a secured lab, or a data center, each zone should be evaluated for:
- Sensitivity of the assets inside
- Level of threat or risk
- Compliance or legal requirements
Learn with Cybrary
Cybrary provides a complete learning platform for professionals preparing for CISSP and related certifications. You'll gain a deeper understanding of physical access control—along with the skills to apply it in real-world scenarios.
With Cybrary, you’ll get:
- On-demand video lessons
- Certification-aligned training paths
- Scenario-based labs
- Real-world examples from industry experts
Ready to start your CISSP journey?
Sign up for free and take your first step toward becoming a certified security leader.
