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By: cdoyle
April 21, 2017
Cloud+ Outline - Modules 7, 8 and 9
By: cdoyle
April 21, 2017
Module 7: Allocation and OptimizingUnit OverviewVM and Host Resource Allocation- Resources
- Memory
- CPU
- Disk Space
- Quotas
- Quotas are the total amount of resources that a Vm can use
- Hard – maximum amount of resources
- Soft – allows a user to exceed maximum amount
- Licensing
- Allows an origination to use the software
- Most expensive part of the install
- The license agreement should be read
- Reservations
- A set aside of resources given to the customer of VM
- VM will always get a set level of resources
- Resource Pools
- Resources set aside for a VM
- Possible for the resources to be divided for specific groups
- Provide organization
- Dynamic Resource Allocation
- Best performance
- Availability
- Capacity arrangements
- Helps reduce power costs
- External modem
- Handheld device
- File on the host computer
- Printers (parallel or serial ports)
- Scanners
- Dongles
- USB device
- Memory Ballooning
- Memory is typically the limited factor
- Ballooning allows the OS to exceed the limits loosely
- Usually requires a third party software
- Swap Disk Space
- When all physical memory has been issued swap disk space can be used
- Similar to page file but for VM
- CPU
- Typically VM are limited to how many cores a CPU has
- Fast CPU allow for more request to be achieved
- If VM or host is performing slow, too many processes might be running
- Disk
- Disk speeds can limit the VM
- RAID can improve performance and allow for fault tolerance
- Common Disk Failures
- Physical Hard Disk Failures
- Disk Corruption
- HBA Fails (Host Bus Adapter)
- Common Memory Failures
- RAM failures
- Swap Files out of space
- Network Failures
- NIC failures
- Speed/Duplex mismatches
- External devices fail
- DISK
- Caching
- Network
- Bandwidth
- Latency
- Quality of Service (QoS)
- Multipathing
- Load Balancing
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
- Used to monitor devices for issues
- Used primarily on routers, switches, printers and servers
- Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
- Give admin the ability to create scripts to automate tasks
- Scripts can look at CPU, memory, OS and hard drive space performance
- Out-of-band Management
- Give admin ability to manage and monitor a device remotely even if device is off
- Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) is needed
- Not part of the OS but a third party software of part of the motherboard
- BIOS can be modified
- Short Message Service
- Alerts can be sent to a mobile device after hours
- Designed as a troubleshooting tool
- Shows the computing resources being consumed by a device at that time
- Allows an admin to compare to a previous point in time
- Tipping point for a server
- Point when a device is consuming more resources than needed
- Compare to a baseline
- Automated responses monitor the events
- When the threshold is triggered
- The trigger or event causes a program or script to start
- Can be caused by an alert
- Allows the administrator to keep the system safe with little or no intervention
- Console Port
- Connect directly to the PC with a cable
- Uses parallel or serial ports
- Allows for management of a host from another PC
- Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
- Remotely connects to a PC or VM as if the admin was at the PC
- Allows for management
- One sessions for one PC or VM
- Remote Hypervisor Access
- Connect to a hypervisor from your workstation
- Add multiple hypervisors into a single console
- Manage all hypervisor hosts from a single console
- Create or modify VHDs, VM settings, etc. from a local workstation
- Secure Shell (SSH)
- Securely connect to a host
- Creates a secure tunnel to a remote device
- Allows an admin to remotely log into a host and execute commands
- HTTP
- Access devices via a web browser
- Can use HTTP or HTTPS
- Additional software needs to be loaded during host installation
- Change Management
- Maximizes the Value
- Reduces Disruptions
- Minimize Risk
- Provides control for configuration management
- Configuration Management
- Improve performance
- Optimizes cost and risk
- Capacity Management
- Gives the customers the best performance
- Allows for justifiable cost
- Gives justification for demands and performance
- Life Cycle Management
- Process or processes put in place by an organization to assist
- Coordination
- Control
- Delivery
- Support
- Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
- Microsoft Operations Framework (MOF)
- Documentation
- Strategic Planning
- Requirements (Business, Technical, SLAs)
- Designs (Service Design Package)
- Service Delivery (Incidents, Problems, COnfiguration Item Records)
- Continual Service IMprovement Register
- Standardization
- Naming conventions
- Configuration Options
- Procedures
- Baselines
- Planning
- Maintenance WIndows
- Change Advisory Board (CAB) Approvals
- Testing the components
- Network
- Data
- Applications
- Storage
- For legal reasons the organization should review the contract with the cloud provider
- Before testing begins the organizations should inform the provider the plan to test
- White box – the tester is given information about the system, designed for specific attacks
- Black box – the tester knows very little about the system, simulate a real-world hacker
- Separation of duties
- Checks and balances
- Internal controls help reduce potential damage
- A single administrator can cause issues if he has all the keys
- ipconfig (Windows) / ifconfig (Linux)
- nslookup (exit)
- Netstat (what’s connected to the machine)
- ARP (address resolution protocol)
- Telnet (remote into a computer via command prompt – unsecure vs SSH)
- Should be easy to understand
- Record responsibilities
- Record device configurations
- Updated changes
- Makes troubleshooting easier if issues arise
- Records events on PCs
- Tracks device changes
- Device drivers
- System changes
- Events
- Some third party software allow the logs to be consolidated
