Introduction to IT and Cybersecurity
Overview
Certification Exam Objectives
CompTIA Linux+ LX0-104
105 Shells, Scripting and Data Management
105.1 Customize and use the shell environment.
- Set environment variables (e.g., PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell
- **Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands
- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts
- Set command search path with the proper directory
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Source
- /etc/bash.bashrc
- /etc/profile
- env
- export
- set
- unset
- ~/.bash_profile
- ~/.bash_login
- ~/.profile
- ~/.bashrc
- ~/.bash_logout
- function
- alias
- lists
105.2 Customize or write simple scripts.
- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests)
- Use command substitution
- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command
- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser
- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line
- Manage the location, ownership, execution and SUID rights of scripts
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- for
- while
- test
- if
- read
- seq
- exec
105.3 SQL data management.
- Use of basic SQL commands -** Perform basic data manipulation**
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- insert
- update
- select
- delete
- from
- where
- group by
- order by
- join
106 User Interfaces and Desktops
106.1 Install and configure X11.
- Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server
- Awareness of the X font server
- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- xhost
- DISPLAY
- xwininfo
- xdpyinfo
- X
106.2 Set up a display manager.
- Basic configuration of LightDM
- Turn the display manager on or off
- Change the display manager greeting
- Awareness of XDM, KDM and GDM
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- lightdm
- /etc/lightdm/
106.3 Accessibility.
- Basic knowledge of keyboard accessibility settings (AccessX)
- Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes
- Basic knowledge of assistive technology (AT)
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- Sticky/repeat keys
- Slow/bounce/toggle keys
- Mouse keys
- High contrast/large
- print desktop themes
- Screen reader
- Braille display
- Screen magnifier
- On-screen keyboard
- Gestures (used at login, for example gdm)
- Orca
- GOK
- Emacspeak
107 Administrative Tasks
107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files.
- Add, modify and remove users and groups
- Manage user/group info in password/group databases
- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/group
- /etc/skel
- chage
- getent
- groupadd
- groupdel
- groupmod
- passwd
- useradd
- userdel
- usermod
107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs.
- Manage cron and at jobs
- Configure user access to cron and at services
- Configure anacron
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/cron.
- {d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}
- /etc/at.deny
- /etc/at.allow
- /etc/crontab
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
- /var/spool/cron/*
- crontab
- at
- atq
- atrm
- anacron
- /etc/anacrontab
107.3 Localization and internationalization.
- Configure local settings and environment variables
- Configure timezone settings and environment variables
- -The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /usr/share/zoneinfo
- Environment variables:
- LC_*
- LC_ALL
- LANG
- TZ
- /usr/bin/locale
- tzselect
- tzconfig
- date
- iconv
- UTF-8
- ISO-8859
- ASCII
- Unicode
108 Essential System Services
108.1 Maintain system time.
- Set the system date and time
- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC
- Configure the correct timezone
- Basic NTP configuration
- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service
- Awareness of the ntpq command
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /usr/share/zoneinfo
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /etc/ntp.conf
- date
- hwclock
- ntpd
- ntpdate
- pool.ntp.org
108.2 System logging.
- Configuration of the syslog daemon
- Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions
- Configuration of logrotate
- Awareness of rsyslog and syslog-ng
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- syslog.conf
- syslogd
- klogd
- /var/log/
- logger
- logrotate
- /etc/logrotate.conf
- /etc/logrotate.d/
- Journalctl
- /etc/systemd/journald.conf
- /var/log/journal/
108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics.
- Create email aliases
- Configure email forwarding
- Knowledge of commonly available
- MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration)
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ~/.forward
- sendmail emulation layer commands
- newaliases
- mailq
- postfix
- sendmail
- exim
- qmail
108.4 Manage printers and printing.
- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers)
- Manage user print queues
- Troubleshoot general printing problems
- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- CUPS configuration files,
- tools and utilities
- /etc/cups
- lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)
109 Networking Fundamentals
109.1 Fundamentals of Internet protocols.
- Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation
- Knowledge of the differences between private and public
- “dotted quad” IP addresses
- Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995)
- Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP
- Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6
- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/services
- IPv4, IPv6
- Subnetting
- TCP, UDP, ICMP
109.2 Basic network configuration.
- Manually and automatically configure network interfaces
- Basic TCP/IP host configuration
- Setting a default route
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/hostname
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- ifconfig
- ifup
- ifdown
- ip
- route
- ping
109.3 Basic network troubleshooting.
- Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces
- Change, view or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually
- Debug problems associated with the network configuration
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ifconfig
- ip
- ifup
- ifdown
- route
- host
- hostname
- dig
- netstat
- ping
- ping6
- traceroute
- traceroute6
- tracepath
- tracepath6
- netcat
109.4 Configure client side DNS.
- Query remote DNS servers
- Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers
- Modify the order in which name resolution is done
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- Host
- Dig
- getent
110 Security
110.1 Perform security administration tasks.
- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set
- Set or change user passwords and password aging information
- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system
- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage
- Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in
- Basic sudo configuration and usage
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- find
- passwd
- fuser
- lsof
- nmap
- chage
- netstat
- sudo
- /etc/sudoers
- su
- usermod
- ulimit
- who, w, last
110.2 Set up host security.
- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work
- Turn off network services not in use
- Understand the role of TCP wrappers
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/nologin
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/xinetd.d/*
- /etc/xinetd.conf
- /etc/inetd.d/*
- /etc/inetd.conf
- /etc/inittab
- /etc/init.d/*
- /etc/hosts.allow
- /etc/hosts.deny
110.3 Securing data with encryption.
- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage
- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys
- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation
- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels)
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ssh
- ssh-keygen
- ssh-agent
- ssh-add
- ~/.ssh/idrsa and idrsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/iddsa and iddsa.pub
- /etc/ssh/sshhostrsa_key
- and sshhostrsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/sshhostdsa_key
- and sshhostdsa_key.pub
- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
- /etc/sshknownhosts
- gpg
- ~/.gnupg/*
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