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Ping and Traceroute form a simple pair of tools for operating system recognition. The technique consists of the sum of the jumps and TTL.
Firstly, we must be aware of the TTL return value of the various Operating Systems.
– Cyclades = Usually 30
– Linux = Usually 64
– Windows = Usually 128
– Cisco = Usually 255
– Linux + iptables = Usually 255
The first command to execute is Traceroute.
shady@arch:~|⇒ traceroute www.cybrary.it
traceroute to www.cybrary.it (104.20.37.13), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.11.1 (192.168.11.1) 1.244 ms 1.558 ms 1.702 ms
2 jump1.com (123.123.123.123) 5.820 ms 5.812 ms 6.414 ms
3 jump2.com (124.124.124.124) 6.370 ms 6.500 ms 6.942 ms
4 jump3.com (125.125.125.125) 7.154 ms 7.068 ms 6.932 ms
5 jump4.com (126.126.126.126) 48.257 ms 48.242 ms 48.679 ms
6 jump5.com (127.127.127.127) 47.500 ms 44.990 ms 44.519 ms
7 104.20.37.13 (104.20.37.13) 47.661 ms 45.894 ms 47.833 ms
Remember the total jumps that are equal to 7.
Now we will find the TTL return with the Ping command.
shady@arch:~|⇒ ping www.cybrary.it -c 1
PING www.cybrary.it (104.20.36.13) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 104.20.36.13 (104.20.36.13): icmp_seq=1 ttl=58 time=45.1 ms
— www.cybrary.it ping statistics —
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 45.192/45.192/45.192/0.000 ms
The return of the TTL is equal to 58. Making the sum between 58 + 7 = 65. The result is very close to 64, you can deduce that there is Linux running.
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this is not correct. You need to read more on how traceroute works. Read the man page. there is no way to deduce what the OS is from just traceroute. Those IP addresses that you have listed as jumps, are actually the routers that your packet is hitting to get to its intended destination, so traceroute is just showing you the path of the packets, in this case the path is from router jump1 to router jump2 and so on. I guess Cybrary doesn’t verify these posts.